Lesson 3
Direct and Indirect Speech
��ͤ���������¡��� direct speech �����ͤ������������������ͧ���¤Ӿٴ
��ͤ������Ѵ�ŧ�繤Ӿٴ�ͧ��������ͧ ���¡��� indirect speech ���� reported speech
�������¹����¤
direct speech �� indirect
speech �մѧ���
-
����¹�ŧ tense �¶�ҡ���ҹ��� past ����Ңͧ�����Ҩе�ͧ��
past ����
-
����¹�ŧ��þ����ؤ��
-
�Ѵ����ͧ���¤Ӿٴ����
-
�that� ������������ա���
Examples:
Direct speech Indirect
speech
1.
He said, �The man comes.� 1. He said (that) the man came.
2.
He said, �The man is coming.� 2. He said (that) the man was coming.
3.
He said, �The man has come.� 3. He said (that) the man had come.
4.
He said, �The man will come.� 4. He said (that) the man would come.
5.
He asked, �Do
you know Mr.Brown?� 5. He asked me if/whether I knew Mr.
Brown.
6.
He asked, �Where did
you go to college?� 6. He asked me where I had gone to
college.
Exercise:
Change the direct speech to indirect speech.
1.
He asked me, �Can Tom
write with his left hand?�
He asked me �������������������������...
2.
He asked me, �Did you
listen to the tapes?�
He asked me ���������������������������.
3.
Bill said, �I feel
sick.�
Bill said ��������������..
4.
He said, �The rain
fell.�
He said ����������������..
5.
He asked me, �Why do
they go to Hong Kong so often?�
He asked me ����������������������..
6.
He asked me, �How did
you go there?�
He asked me ������������������.
7.
He asked me, �Why are
you studying to be a doctor?�
He asked me ����������������������.
8.
He said, �I may be
absent from class tomorrow.�
He said ����������������������������..
9.
He said, �I�ve invited
my friends to a party.�
He said ��������������������������........
10.
He asked, �Are they
standing in line?�
He asked ���������������������������...
Answer Key
Change the direct speech to indirect speech.
1.
He asked me, �Can Tom
write with his left hand?�
He asked me if/whether Tom could write with his left
hand.
2.
He asked me, �Did you listen
to the tapes?�
He asked me if/whether I had listened to the tapes.
3.
Bill said, �I feel
sick.�
Bill said (that) he felt sick.
4.
He said, �The rain
fell.�
He said (that) the rain had fallen.
5.
He asked me, �Why do
they go to Hong Kong so often?�
He asked me why they went to Hong Kong so often.
6.
He asked me, �How did
you go there?�
He asked me how I had gone there.
7.
He asked me, �Why are
you studying to be a doctor?�
He asked me why I was studying to be a doctor.
8.
He said, �I may be
absent from class tomorrow.�
He said (that) he might be absent from class tomorrow.
9.
He said, �I�ve invited
my friends to a party.�
He said (that) he had invited his friends to a party.
10.
He asked, �Are they
standing in line?�
He asked if/whether they were standing in line.
Verb +
object + to infinitive
�ٻẺ�ͧ�����
verb (�ӡ����)
������� direct object (�����ç ����Ҩ���� noun ���� pronoun) ��� infinitive ��Դ��ͧ��
to ��˹�����͹�� ��ҧ˹�� to ����� not
���� ��ж�ҡ�����ӡ���ҹ��١����ٻẺ�ç���ҧ passive
��������� to infinitive �����
����ҷ������ٻẺ�ѧ����ǹ�� ����
advise need
allow order
ask permit
cause persuade
convince remind
expect require
forbid teach
force tell
hire urge
instruct want
invite warn
Examples:
1. He ordered me to clean up
the area.
2. They don�t allow people to
smoke in the kitchen.
3. Ann said the switch was dangerous
and warned me not to touch it.
Examples:
1. I was ordered to clean up
the area.
2. People are not allowed to
smoke in the kitchen.
3. I was warned not to touch
the switch.
Exercise:
Complete the sentences by
supplying the to-infinitive for the verb form in parentheses.
1. Can you remind me (phone) ���������..
Tim tomorrow?
2. We are expected (start) ���������..
work at 8:30 every morning.
3. He was warned (not smoke) �����������
in the kitchen.
4. I advised Rose (speak) ��������.
to the manager.
5. I didn�t ask you (pay) �������. for
the meal.
6. The students are not permitted
(swim) �������� in the river.
7. The soldiers were required
(adapt) ��������. to their new environment.
8. Jim was told (not drive) ����������.
the car.
9. The teacher told the children
(stay off) �������.. the grass.
10. Bob was advised (return) �����������.
to his home.
Answer Key
Complete the sentences by
supplying the to-infinitive for the verb form in parentheses.
1. Can you remind me (phone) to
phone Tim tomorrow?
2. We are expected (start) to
start work at 8:30 every morning.
3. He was warned (not smoke) not
to smoke in the kitchen.
4. I advised Rose (speak) to
speak to the manager.
5. I didn�t ask you (pay) to
pay for the meal.
6. The students are not permitted
(swim) to swim in the river.
7. The soldiers were required
(adapt) to adapt to their new environment.
8. Jim was told (not drive) not
to drive the car.
9. The teacher told the children
(stay off) to stay off the grass.
10. Bob was advised (return) to
return to his home.
Vocabulary
competent
(adj) �դ�������ö
course
of action (exp) Ἱ �Զշҧ
defy
(v) ��͵�ҹ
incorporate (v) �����Ҵ��¡ѹ
integrity (n) ���������ѵ��
morale (n) ��Ը��� ��ѡ����
outfit (n) ����ѷ
��ҧ��ҹ
(v) �Դ�������ͧ��� �Դ����������
take charge (of) (exp) ���� �Ѻ�Դ�ͺ
take it out on (exp) ����餹����繷ء�� ���ʺ���
trait (n) �س���ѵ�੾��
Exercise:
Choose the best word to complete the
sentence. You may have to make some changes in the form of the word.
1. During the game, the �������� of
the athletes is extremely important.
2. He was a loyal, distinguished and
very ��������.. Navy officer.
3. Capt. Brown�s a man of ���������.
He�s very honest and can be trusted at all times.
4. Before the mission, you should
carefully study the ����������. in order to avoid making any mistakes.
5. His willingness to help others is
his best ������.
6. More speaking and writing skills
are ������.. in new American Language Course.
7. He doesn�t have his own business.
He works for a private security �������...
8. While the director is on
vacation, the deputy director will �����������..
9. The accident clearly resulted
from your carelessness. Don�t ����������� me.
10. People have been arrested for ���������
the ban on street trading around Silom Road.
Answer Key
1. During the game, the morale
of the athletes is extremely important.
2. He was a loyal, distinguished and
very competent Navy officer.
3. Capt. Brown�s a man of integrity.
He�s very honest and can be trusted at all times.
4. Before the mission, you should
carefully study the course of action in order to avoid making any
mistakes.
5. His willingness to help others is
his best trait.
6. More speaking and writing skills
are incorporated in new American Language Course.
7. He doesn�t have his own business.
He works for a private security outfit.
8. While the director is on
vacation, the deputy director will take charge.
9. The accident clearly resulted
from your carelessness. Don�t take it out on me.
10. People have been arrested for defying
the ban on street trading around Silom Road.