Lesson 3

Direct and Indirect Speech

��ͤ���������¡��� direct speech �����ͤ������������������ͧ���¤Ӿٴ ��ͤ������Ѵ�ŧ�繤Ӿٴ�ͧ��������ͧ ���¡��� indirect speech ���� reported speech

          �������¹����¤ direct speech �� indirect speech �մѧ���

-          ����¹�ŧ tense �¶�ҡ���ҹ��� past ����Ңͧ�����Ҩе�ͧ�� past ����

-          ����¹�ŧ��þ����ؤ��

-          �Ѵ����ͧ���¤Ӿٴ����

-          �that� ������������ա���

Examples:

                   Direct speech                                        Indirect speech

1.       He said, �The man comes.�                      1.  He said (that) the man came.

2.       He said, �The man is coming.�                   2.  He said (that) the man was coming.

3.       He said, �The man has come.�                  3.  He said (that) the man had come.

4.       He said, �The man will come.�                  4.  He said (that) the man would come.

5.       He asked, �Do you know Mr.Brown?� 5.  He asked me if/whether I knew Mr. Brown.

6.       He asked, �Where did you go to college?�    6.  He asked me where I had gone to college.

Exercise:

Change the direct speech to indirect speech.

1.       He asked me, �Can Tom write with his left hand?�

He asked me �������������������������...

2.       He asked me, �Did you listen to the tapes?�

He asked me ���������������������������.

3.       Bill said, �I feel sick.�

Bill said ��������������..

4.       He said, �The rain fell.�

He said ����������������..

5.       He asked me, �Why do they go to Hong Kong so often?�

He asked me ����������������������..

6.       He asked me, �How did you go there?�

He asked me ������������������.

7.       He asked me, �Why are you studying to be a doctor?�

He asked me ����������������������.

8.       He said, �I may be absent from class tomorrow.�

He said ����������������������������..

9.       He said, �I�ve invited my friends to a party.�

He said ��������������������������........

10.   He asked, �Are they standing in line?�

He asked ���������������������������...

 

Answer Key

Change the direct speech to indirect speech.

1.       He asked me, �Can Tom write with his left hand?�

He asked me if/whether Tom could write with his left hand.

2.       He asked me, �Did you listen to the tapes?�

He asked me if/whether I had listened to the tapes.

3.       Bill said, �I feel sick.�

Bill said (that) he felt sick.

4.       He said, �The rain fell.�

He said (that) the rain had fallen.

5.       He asked me, �Why do they go to Hong Kong so often?�

He asked me why they went to Hong Kong so often.

6.       He asked me, �How did you go there?�

He asked me how I had gone there.

7.       He asked me, �Why are you studying to be a doctor?�

He asked me why I was studying to be a doctor.

8.       He said, �I may be absent from class tomorrow.�

He said (that) he might be absent from class tomorrow.

9.       He said, �I�ve invited my friends to a party.�

He said (that) he had invited his friends to a party.

10.   He asked, �Are they standing in line?�

He asked if/whether they were standing in line.

 

Verb + object + to infinitive

�ٻẺ�ͧ����� verb (�ӡ����) ������� direct object (�����ç ����Ҩ���� noun ���� pronoun) ��� infinitive ��Դ��ͧ�� to ��˹�����͹�� ��ҧ˹�� to ����� not ���� ��ж�ҡ�����ӡ���ҹ��١����ٻẺ�ç���ҧ passive ��������� to infinitive ����� ����ҷ������ٻẺ�ѧ����ǹ�� ����

advise                                        need

allow                                         order

ask                                            permit

cause                                         persuade

convince                                     remind

expect                                       require

forbid                                         teach

force                                          tell

hire                                           urge

instruct                                       want

invite                                         warn

Examples:

1.       He ordered me to clean up the area.

2.       They don�t allow people to smoke in the kitchen.

3.       Ann said the switch was dangerous and warned me not to touch it.

Examples:

1.       I was ordered to clean up the area.

2.       People are not allowed to smoke in the kitchen.

3.       I was warned not to touch the switch.

 

Exercise:

Complete the sentences by supplying the to-infinitive for the verb form in parentheses.

1.       Can you remind me (phone) ���������.. Tim tomorrow?

2.       We are expected (start) ���������.. work at 8:30 every morning.

3.       He was warned (not smoke) ����������� in the kitchen.

4.       I advised Rose (speak) ��������. to the manager.

5.       I didn�t ask you (pay) �������. for the meal.

6.       The students are not permitted (swim) �������� in the river.

7.       The soldiers were required (adapt) ��������. to their new environment.

8.       Jim was told (not drive) ����������. the car.

9.       The teacher told the children (stay off) �������.. the grass.

10.   Bob was advised (return) �����������. to his home.

 

Answer Key

Complete the sentences by supplying the to-infinitive for the verb form in parentheses.

1.       Can you remind me (phone) to phone Tim tomorrow?

2.       We are expected (start) to start work at 8:30 every morning.

3.       He was warned (not smoke) not to smoke in the kitchen.

4.       I advised Rose (speak) to speak to the manager.

5.       I didn�t ask you (pay) to pay for the meal.

6.       The students are not permitted (swim) to swim in the river.

7.       The soldiers were required (adapt) to adapt to their new environment.

8.       Jim was told (not drive) not to drive the car.

9.       The teacher told the children (stay off) to stay off the grass.

10.   Bob was advised (return) to return to his home.

 

Vocabulary

          competent (adj)                   �դ�������ö

          course of action (exp)           á¼¹ �Զշҧ

          defy (v)                             ��͵�ҹ

incorporate (v)          �����Ҵ��¡ѹ

integrity (n)                        ���������ѵ��

morale (n)                         ��Ը��� ��ѡ����

outfit (n)                            ����ѷ ��ҧ��ҹ

         (v)                          �Դ�������ͧ��� �Դ����������

take charge (of) (exp)           ���� �Ѻ�Դ�ͺ

take it out on (exp)              ����餹����繷ء�� ���ʺ���

trait (n)                    �س���ѵ�੾��

 

Exercise:

Choose the best word to complete the sentence. You may have to make some changes in the form of the word.

1.       During the game, the �������� of the athletes is extremely important.

2.       He was a loyal, distinguished and very ��������.. Navy officer.

3.       Capt. Brown�s a man of ���������. He�s very honest and can be trusted at all times.

4.       Before the mission, you should carefully study the ����������. in order to avoid making any mistakes.

5.       His willingness to help others is his best ������.

6.       More speaking and writing skills are ������.. in new American Language Course.

7.       He doesn�t have his own business. He works for a private security �������...

8.       While the director is on vacation, the deputy director will �����������..

9.       The accident clearly resulted from your carelessness. Don�t ����������� me.

10.   People have been arrested for ��������� the ban on street trading around Silom Road.

 

Answer Key

1.       During the game, the morale of the athletes is extremely important.

2.       He was a loyal, distinguished and very competent Navy officer.

3.       Capt. Brown�s a man of integrity. He�s very honest and can be trusted at all times.

4.       Before the mission, you should carefully study the course of action in order to avoid making any mistakes.

5.       His willingness to help others is his best trait.

6.       More speaking and writing skills are incorporated in new American Language Course.

7.       He doesn�t have his own business. He works for a private security outfit.

8.       While the director is on vacation, the deputy director will take charge.

9.       The accident clearly resulted from your carelessness. Don�t take it out on me.

10.   People have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading around Silom Road.